from urllib import request, error

from functools import lru_cache


@lru_cache(maxsize=32)
def get_pep(num):
    resource = 'http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-%04d/' % num
    try:
        with request.urlopen(resource) as s:
            return s.read()
    except error.HTTPError:
        return "NOT found {}".format(num)


for n in 8, 290, 308, 320, 8, 218, 320, 279, 289, 320, 9991:
    pep = get_pep(n)
    print(f"{n}  {len(pep)}  {pep}")

reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, [1, 2, 3])
6

from itertools import count, cycle, repeat

c = count(10)
[next(c) for _ in range(3)]
[10, 11, 12]

cy = cycle("abc")
[next(cy) for _ in range(10)]
['b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b']

c = repeat("abc", 3)
[next(c) for _ in range(1)]
['abc']
[next(c) for _ in range(2)]
['abc', 'abc']c = repeat("abc", 3)
[next(c) for _ in range(1)]
['abc']
[next(c) for _ in range(2)]
['abc', 'abc']

list(chain("ABC", '123'))
['A', 'B', 'C', '1', '2', '3']

{os: [item.version for item in items] for os, items in
                        groupby(os_version_list, key=lambda x: x.os)}